Page 81 - MMP-N-NJ CCN 21st Century School Nurse Leadership Book

Screenings, referrals, and follow-up activities are secondary
SCREENINGS, REFERRALS, prevention strategies that detect and treat health concerns in
AND FOLLOW-UP ACTIVITIES their early stages often before signs and symptoms appear—
and modify, remove, or treat them before the health concerns
become serious.

Secondary prevention focuses on risk reduction and disease
RISK REDUCTION prevention. Tertiary prevention includes strategies that limit
further negative effects from an existing health problem and
promote optimal functioning.

Secondary prevention focuses on risk reduction and disease
DISEASE PREVENTION prevention. Tertiary prevention includes strategies that limit
further negative effects from an existing health problem and
promote optimal functioning.

Social determinants are factors that impact health, such as
income/social status, housing, transportation, employment/
working conditions, social support networks, education/
SOCIAL DETERMINANTS OF literacy, neighborhood safety/physical environment, access
HEALTH to health services, and culture (USDHHS, 2017). Social
determinants are important because theyare known to cause
80% of health concerns (Booske, Athens, Kindig, Park, &
Remington, 2010).

Access to care is having available comprehensive, quality
health care services (USDHHS, 2017). It includes access to
ACCESS TO CARE a school nurse, referrals to health care services, insurance
coverage, transportation to care, and timeliness of care.
Limited access to health care impacts the ability for people
to reach their full potential.

Culture is another social determinant. It encompasses
the customs, values, and beliefs of an individual and/or
population. School nurses must continually work at obtaining
cultural competency, which is a set of behaviors, attitudes,

CULTURAL COMPETENCY and skills that allow effective care to be delivered in cross-
cultural situations (U.S. Department of Health and Human
Services, 2017a). Failure to be culturally sensitive to students
and families can decrease trust, leading to decreased
communication and management of a health condition,
resulting in adverse student health outcomes.

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